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Grossing is the initial step in histology where tissue specimens are examined macroscopically (with the naked eye) to describe and select representative sections for processing. It includes measuring, inspecting, inking margins, and cutting tissue into appropriate sizes for fixation and further preparation.

Add-on:

Decalcification

Processing is the step in histology where tissue is chemically prepared for embedding. It involves removing water, clearing with solvents, and infiltrating with paraffin to preserve the tissue’s structure for thin sectioning and staining.

Embedding involves placing processed tissue into a mold and surrounding it with molten paraffin wax. Once cooled and solidified, the wax block holds the tissue in place, allowing for precise sectioning on a microtome.

Microtomy is the process of cutting ultra-thin slices of paraffin-embedded tissue using a microtome. These sections—usually 4–5 microns thick—are floated on a warm water bath and placed on glass slides for staining.

Add-ons:

Recuts

Levels

Deepers

Serial Sections

Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) staining is the most common method used in histology. Hematoxylin stains nuclei blue-purple, while eosin stains cytoplasm and connective tissue pink, providing clear contrast to assess tissue structure and detect abnormalities.

Used to detect acid-fast organisms such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Stains acidic mucins, often used to identify mucopolysaccharides in tissues.

Used to identify amyloid deposits, which exhibit apple-green birefringence under polarized light.

Highlights elastic fibers in connective tissues and blood vessels.

Used to detect Helicobacter pylori, parasites, and mast cells in tissue sections.

Highlights fungi and certain basement membranes in tissues.

Detects ferric iron deposits, often used in liver and bone marrow biopsies.

Differentiates muscle, collagen, and fibrin; commonly used in liver and kidney biopsies.

Stains epithelial mucins, useful in identifying adenocarcinomas and fungal organisms like Cryptococcus.

Stains lipids in frozen sections; useful for detecting fat emboli or fatty liver changes.

Stains glycogen, mucopolysaccharides, and fungal organisms in tissues.

Stains glycogen, mucopolysaccharides, and fungal organisms in tissues.

Highlights reticulin fibers, useful in evaluating liver and bone marrow architecture.

Another method for identifying acid-fast organisms such as Mycobacteria.

Adenovirus

AE1/3

Alpha-Fetoprotein

Alpha-1-Antichymotrypsin

Alpha-1-Antitrypsin

Alpha Synuclein

Alk-1

Amyloid A (SAA)

APP

Androgen Receptor

Arginase I

Beta-amyloid

Beta-Catenin

Beta-Tubulin

BCL-2

BCL-6

Ber-EP4

Bob-1

Brst-2

C3d

C4d

CA IX

Ca 19.9

CA125 Ovarian Antigen

Calponin

Calretinin

Carcinoembryonic Antigen (CEAm)

CD1a

CD3 (T-Cell)

CD4 (Helper)

CD5 (B-Cell)

CD7 (B-Cell)

CD8 (Suppersor)

CD10

CD15 (Leu-M1)

CD20 (B-Cell/L26)

CD21

CD23 (B-Cell)

CD25 (IL-2)

CD30 (Ki-1)

CD31

CD34

CD43 (T-Cell)

CD45 (LCA)

CD56

CD57

CD61 (Platelet)

CD68 (Macrophage)

CD71

CD70a

CD99

CD117 (C-Kit)

CD138 (Plasma Cell)

CD163

CDX2

Chromogranin A

Collagen IV

Cyclin D-1

Cytokeratin 5

Cytokeratin 7

Cytokeratin 14

Cytokeratin 18

Cytokeratin 19

Cytokeratin 20

Cytokeratin (CAM5.2)

Cytokeratin Cocktail (AE1/3 & CAM5.2)

Cytokeratin (High Molecular Weight)

Cytomegalovirus 

D-240

Desmin

DOG-1

E-Cadherin

EGFR

Epithelial Membrane Antigen (EMA)

ERG

Factor XIII

Factor XIIIa

Fibrinogen

Gastrin

GATA3 

GFAP

Glucagon

GLUT-1

Glycophorin A

Glypican 3

Grandzyme B

Hairy Cell Leukemia

HBME-1

H-Caldesmon

Beta-HCG

Hemoglobin

Hepatitis B Surface

Herpes Simplex Virus 1

HHV-8

H.Pylori

HPV

HMB45

HSA (Hep Par)

HuC/HuD

IDH-1

IgA

IgD

IgG

IgG4

IgM

Inhibin

INI-1

Kappa Light Chain (Poly)

Ki-67

L523s (IMP3)

Lambda Light Chain (Poly)

Lysozyme

Mammoglobin

Melan A

MOC31

MUC-1

MUC-2

MUM-1

Muscle Specific Antigen (MSA)

MyoD1

Myogenin

Myloperoxidase (MPO)

Napsin A

Neural-N

Neurofilament Protein (NFP)

Neuron Specific Enolase (NSE)

NKX3.1

OCT3/4

OCT 2

P16

P40

P53

P57

P63

PS04s

parathyroid Hormone (PTH)

Parvovirus

PAX-5

PAX-8 (M)

PAX-8 (P)

PD-1

PD-L1 (22C3)

Prostate Acid Phosphatase (PAP)

Prealbumin

Prostate Acid Phospatase (PAP)

Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA)

Renal Cell Carcinoma 

S-100

SALL-4

Smooth Muscle Actin (SMA)

Somatostatin

SOX 10

SV-40

Synaptophysin

Tau

Tdt

Thyroglobulin

TIA-1

Toxoplasma

T-Pallidum

Tryptase

TTF-1

Uroplakin III

Varicella Zoster

Vimentin

Estrogen Receptor (ER)

Progesterone Receptor (PR)

HER2 (IHC Reflex to FISH)

Cytokeratin 5

Ki-67

MLH-1

MLH-2

MLH-6

PMS-2

ATCH

HGH

Prolactin

FSH

LH

TSH

Breast Multi Stain (CKS/14 + P63 +CK7/18)

CD3/CD31

CD68/CD31

Ki67/CD31

Kappa/Lambda

PIN4 (HMW, p63, p504s)

Lung - TTF/Napsin A

Lung - p63/CK5

Epstein Barr Virus

Kappa

Lambda

HPV (High Risk)

HPV (Low Risk)

IgG

IgA

IgG

Complement 3 (C3)

*Specimens must be received in Michael's Fixative (Transport Media).  

Formalin-fixed tissue is NOT acceptable.

HER2FISH for Breast and Gastric Cancer - Available upon request.

• Bright-Field whole slide scanning 
• Regular size 1" X 3"
• Large size 2" X 3"
• optical magnification 20x
• 0.125 um\pixel

• Bright-Field whole slide scanning 
• Regular size 1" X 3"
• Large size 2" X 3"
• optical magnification 40x
• 0.125 um\pixel

Z-stacking is a scanning technique that captures multiple focus levels through a tissue section and combines them into one sharp image. It improves clarity in thick or uneven samples.